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- Ubuntu20.04 更新 openssl : upgrade-openssl-on-ubuntu-20
# check version openssl version -a # backup sudo cp -R /usr/lib/ssl /usr/lib/ssl-1.1.1h # download latest version https://www.openssl.org/source/ wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1m.tar.gz # check wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1m.tar.gz.sha256 echo "$(cat openssl-1.1.1m.tar.gz.sha256) openssl-1.1.1m.tar.gz" | sha256sum --check # install sudo apt update && sudo apt install build-essential -y tar -zxvf openssl-1.1.1m.tar.gz cd openssl-1.1.1m ./config make sudo make install sudo mv /usr/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl-1.1.1f sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl sudo ldconfig # check current version openssl version -a # fix cert cd /usr/local/ssl sudo rmdir certs sudo ln -s /etc/ssl/certs sudo rmdir private/ sudo ln -s /etc/ssl/private sudo mv openssl.cnf openssl.cnf.original sudo ln -s /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf # check cert wget https://www.google.com
- 修改时区 timedatectl
# display settings timedatectl # display timezone list timedatectl list-timezones # set timezone timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
- 查看版本:
lsb_release -a
- 修改主机名称:
sudo vim /etc/hostname
- 增加 sudo 权限
$ visudo #添加 username ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
- 添加账户
useradd
passwd
usermod
usermod -aG
- 彻底删除帐户:
userdel -r user
- 要在禁止所有用户通过ssh以用户名+密码的方式远程登录系统,修改/etc/ssh/sshd_config文件,把允许密码验证这一行改为no:
# Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords PasswordAuthentication no
然后重启ssh服务
sudo service sshd restart
如果只是要禁止部分用户以密码登入ssh服务,则可以使用passwd命令中的锁定用户的密码,以user用户为例:
passwd -l user
- 有时候
sudo apt-get update
会失败, 以下处理可能解决问题sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* sudo apt-get update
- 登录之后的欢迎信息来自
/etc/update-motd.d/
下脚本动态生成的/run/motd.dynamic
- ubuntu 应用列表配置信息目录为
/usr/share/application
- 双系统启动选项的配置,ubuntu下修改grub选项
sudo vim /etc/default/grub
, 配置GRUB_DEFAULT=saved GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT=true
, 然后执行
sudo update-grub
, 就可实现启动的默认选项保存为上一次手动选择的结果。 - ubuntu 的时间同步用的是 timesyncd , 可用
timedatectl
来查看时间同步状态- 关闭时间同步:
sudo timedatectl set-ntp no
- 开启时间同步:
sudo timedatectl set-ntp on
备忘
# 添加账户 useradd oak -s /bin/bash -m -l -G sudo # ssh 登录, /home/oak/.ssh/authorized_keys # visudo # 修改密码 passwd oak
- 18.04 最小化安装开启远程桌面:
# 安装 vino sudo apt-get install vino # 配置 vino gsettings set org.gnome.Vino enabled true gsettings set org.gnome.Vino require-encryption false gsettings set org.gnome.Vino prompt-enabled false gsettings set org.gnome.Vino view-only false gsettings set org.gnome.Vino authentication-methods "['vnc']" gsettings set org.gnome.Vino vnc-password $(echo -n "mypassword"|base64) # 启动 /usr/lib/vino/vino-server --display=:0
使用 vnc-viewer 客户端来连接
- 无人值守安全补丁更新:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/set-up-automatic-unattended-updates-for-ubuntu-20-04/
sudo apt install unattended-upgrades sudo dpkg-reconfigure -plow unattended-upgrades # select yes sudo vi /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades # Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot "true"; sudo unattended-upgrades --dry-run -d # test sudo unattended-upgrades -d # manual upgrade.