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public:it:python [2014/12/03 16:32] – oakfirepublic:it:python [2024/01/15 15:33] (当前版本) – [Tips] oakfire
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 ====== Python ====== ====== Python ======
   * [[https://www.python.org | Officail site: python.org]]   * [[https://www.python.org | Officail site: python.org]]
 +  * [[http://nbviewer.ipython.org/github/rasbt/python_reference/blob/master/tutorials/key_differences_between_python_2_and_3.ipynb | Key differences between python2 and 3]]
 ===== Tips ===== ===== Tips =====
   * 快速开一个静态http服务: 进入文件夹, 然后 ''python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80''   * 快速开一个静态http服务: 进入文件夹, 然后 ''python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80''
   * In Terminal, type ''pydoc raw_input'' Read what it says about "raw_input". If you're on Windows try ''python -m pydoc raw_input'' instead. Get out of pydoc by typing ''q'' to quit.   * In Terminal, type ''pydoc raw_input'' Read what it says about "raw_input". If you're on Windows try ''python -m pydoc raw_input'' instead. Get out of pydoc by typing ''q'' to quit.
-  * python为动态语言,与js类似, list,dict等object的''=''赋值在默认为引用.  拷贝list用''list2 = list1[:]''之后list2的改动与list1无关.+  * python为动态语言,与js类似, list,dict等object的''=''赋值在默认为引用. 如果不需要引用, 那么拷贝list用''list2 = list1[:]'',之后list2的改动便与list1无关. 
 +  * python 变快的 9 个技巧：[[https://medium.com/techtofreedom/9-subtle-tricks-to-make-your-python-code-much-faster-50be6dd69a30|9-subtle-tricks-to-make-your-python-code-much-faster]] 
 +    * 拼接字符串的速度, 直接 ''+'' 快于  ''join()'' 快于 ''+='' 一项项加. 
 +    * Faster List Creation: Use “[]” Over “list()” 用 ''[]''来初始化列表 
 +    * Faster Membership Testing: Use a Set Over a List 
 +    * Faster Data Generation: Use Comprehensions Over For Loops  用内包代替循环 
 +    * Faster Loops: Prioritize Local Variables 优先使用局部变量 
 +    * Faster Execution: Prioritize Built-In Modules and Libraries 优先用内置模块和库 
 +    * Faster Function Calls: Leverage Cache Decorator for Easy Memoization   
 +    * Faster Infinite Loop: Prefer “while 1” Over “while True” 但是现代解释器基本都优化过， ''while TRUE'' 还更有可读性 
 +    * Faster Start-Up: Import Python Modules Smartly 
 ===== 从零开始 ===== ===== 从零开始 =====
-  * [[http://learnpythonthehardway.org/book/ | learn python the hard way]] +  * [[http://learnpythonthehardway.org/book/ | learn python the hard way]] python2. 
-  * <code python>+  * Learning more: 
 +      * [[http://learnrubythehardway.org/|Learn Ruby The Hard Way]] You will learn even more about programming as you learn more programming languages, so try learning Ruby too. 
 +      * [[https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.4/intro/tutorial01/|The Django Tutorial]] and try to build a web application with the [[https://www.djangoproject.com/|Django Web Framewor]]. 
 +      * [[http://www.scipy.org/|SciPy]] if you're into science, math, and engineering and also [[http://dexy.it|Dexy]] for when you want to write awesome papers that incorporate SciPy or any code really. 
 +      * [[http://www.pygame.org/news.html|PyGame]] and see if you can make a game with graphics and sound. 
 +      * [[http://pandas.pydata.org/|Pandas]] for doing data manipulation and analysis. 
 +      * [[http://nltk.org/|Natural Language Tool Kit]] for analyzing written text and writing things like spam filters and chat bots. 
 +      * [[http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/index.html|Requests]] to learn the client side of HTTP and the web. 
 +      * [[http://simplecv.org/|SimpleCV]] to play with making your computer see things in the real world. 
 +      * [[http://scrapy.org/|ScraPy]] and try scraping some web sites to get information off them. 
 +      * [[https://www.panda3d.org/|Panda3D]] for doing 3D graphic and games. 
 +      * [[http://kivy.org/|Kivy]] for doing user interfaces on desktops and mobile platforms. 
 +      * [[http://scikit-learn.org/stable/|SciKit-Learn]] for machine learning applications. 
 +      * [[http://renpy.org/|Ren'Py]] for doing interactive fiction games, similar to what you've built in this book but with pictures. 
 +  * Notes:<code python> 
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex1: Print # ex1: Print
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
行 16: 行 42:
 python ex1.py python ex1.py
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex2: Common # ex2: Common
 # This is a common # This is a common
 print "common" #This is a common too. print "common" #This is a common too.
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex3: Numbers and Math # ex3: Numbers and Math
 # + - / * % < > <= >= # + - / * % < > <= >=
行 25: 行 53:
 print "Result is ", 2*2-3/1, "+", 7%6,"=", 2, "is", 2>1, 2**8 print "Result is ", 2*2-3/1, "+", 7%6,"=", 2, "is", 2>1, 2**8
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex4: Variables And Names # ex4: Variables And Names
 cars = 100 cars = 100
 space_in_a_car = 4.0 space_in_a_car = 4.0
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex5: More Variables and Printing # ex5: More Variables and Printing
 my_name = 'lucy' my_name = 'lucy'
行 35: 行 65:
 print "My name is %s, i am %d old." % ( my_name, my_age ) print "My name is %s, i am %d old." % ( my_name, my_age )
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex6: Strings and Text # ex6: Strings and Text
 print "My name is: %r" % "lucy"  # Print "My name is:'lucy'". print "My name is: %r" % "lucy"  # Print "My name is:'lucy'".
行 41: 行 72:
 print my_name % 'lucy' # Print the same. print my_name % 'lucy' # Print the same.
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex7: More Printing # ex7: More Printing
 print "a" + "b" + "c" * 5 # Print "abccccc" print "a" + "b" + "c" * 5 # Print "abccccc"
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex8: Printing, Printing # ex8: Printing, Printing
 formatter = "%r %r %r %r" formatter = "%r %r %r %r"
行 51: 行 84:
 print formatter % (formatter, formatter, formatter, formatter) print formatter % (formatter, formatter, formatter, formatter)
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex9: Printing, Printing, Printing # ex9: Printing, Printing, Printing
 # Here's some new strange stuff, remember type it exactly. # Here's some new strange stuff, remember type it exactly.
行 63: 行 97:
 Even 4 lines if we want, or 5, or 6. Even 4 lines if we want, or 5, or 6.
 """ """
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex10 # ex10
 print "\t \\ \" '\"' " print "\t \\ \" '\"' "
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex11: Asking Questions # ex11: Asking Questions
-print "How old are you?", # We put a "," (comma) at the end of each print line. This is so print doesn't end the line with a newline character and go to the next line.+print "How old are you?", # We put a "," (comma) at the end of each print line. This is  
 +#so print doesn't end the line with a newline character and go to the next line.
 age = raw_input() age = raw_input()
 print "So, you're %r old" % age print "So, you're %r old" % age
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex12: Prompting People # ex12: Prompting People
 age = raw_input("How old are you ?") age = raw_input("How old are you ?")
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex13: Parameters, Unpacking, Variables # ex13: Parameters, Unpacking, Variables
 from sys import argv from sys import argv
行 85: 行 124:
 # Nothing impresses me. # Nothing impresses me.
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex15: Reading Files # ex15: Reading Files
 print "Type the filename :" print "Type the filename :"
行 91: 行 131:
 print txt_again.read() print txt_again.read()
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex16: Reading and Writing Files # ex16: Reading and Writing Files
 # class file's function: # class file's function:
行 106: 行 147:
 # Nothing impresses me. # Nothing impresses me.
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex18: Names, Variables, Code, Functions # ex18: Names, Variables, Code, Functions
 # create a function by using the word 'def' # create a function by using the word 'def'
行 123: 行 165:
 # Nothing impresses me. # Nothing impresses me.
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex25: Even More Practice # ex25: Even More Practice
 # in ex25.py file: # in ex25.py file:
行 134: 行 177:
 help(ex25) # show help info about ex25.py help(ex25) # show help info about ex25.py
 help(ex25.break_words) # show help info about function break_words in module ex25 help(ex25.break_words) # show help info about function break_words in module ex25
-# Typing 'ex25' is annoying. A shortcut is to do your import like this: 'from ex25 import * ' which is like saying, "Import everything from ex25."+# Typing 'ex25' is annoying. A shortcut is to  
 +# do your import like this: 'from ex25 import * ' which is like saying, "Import everything from ex25."
 from ex25 import * from ex25 import *
 break_words("Hello world") break_words("Hello world")
行 141: 行 185:
 # Nothing. # Nothing.
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex27: Memorizing Logic # ex27: Memorizing Logic
 # terms: # terms:
行 148: 行 193:
 # Nothing impresses me. # Nothing impresses me.
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex29: What If # ex29: What If
 # ex30: Else and If # ex30: Else and If
行 160: 行 206:
     print "We can't decide."     print "We can't decide."
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex32: Loops and Lists # ex32: Loops and Lists
 the_count = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] the_count = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
行 183: 行 230:
     print "Element was: %d" % i     print "Element was: %d" % i
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex33: While Loops # ex33: While Loops
 i = 0 i = 0
行 195: 行 243:
 # Nothing impresses me. # Nothing impresses me.
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex35: Branches and Functions # ex35: Branches and Functions
 from sys import exit from sys import exit
行 215: 行 264:
     exit(0)     exit(0)
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex36: Designing and Debugging # ex36: Designing and Debugging
 # ex37: Symbol Review # ex37: Symbol Review
行 235: 行 285:
 print '#'.join(stuff[3:5]) # super stellar! print '#'.join(stuff[3:5]) # super stellar!
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex39: Dictionaries, Oh Lovely Dictionaries # ex39: Dictionaries, Oh Lovely Dictionaries
 >>> stuff = {'name': 'lucy', 'age': 16} >>> stuff = {'name': 'lucy', 'age': 16}
行 249: 行 300:
     print "%r : %r" % (key, value)     print "%r : %r" % (key, value)
  
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ex40: Modules, Classes, and Objects # ex40: Modules, Classes, and Objects
 # Modules Are Like Dictionaries # Modules Are Like Dictionaries
行 282: 行 334:
  
 # ex41: Learning To Speak Object Oriented # ex41: Learning To Speak Object Oriented
 +# ex42: Is-A, Has-A, Objects, and Classes
 +super
 +
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 +# ex43: Basic Object-Oriented Analysis and Design
 +# ex44: Inheritance Versus Composition
 +class Parent(object):
 +    def override(self):
 +        print "PARENT override()"
 +    def implicit(self):
 +        print "PARENT implicit()"
 +    def altered(self):
 +        print "PARENT altered()"
 +class Child(Parent):
 +    def override(self):
 +        print "CHILD override()"
 +    def altered(self):
 +        print "CHILD, BEFORE PARENT altered()"
 +        super(Child, self).altered()
 +        print "CHILD, AFTER PARENT altered()"
 +
 +dad = Parent()
 +son = Child()
 +dad.implicit()
 +son.implicit()
 +dad.override()
 +son.override()
 +dad.altered()
 +son.altered()
 +
 +# multiple inheritance
 +class SuperFun(Child, BadStuff):
 +    pass
 +# Using super() with __init__
 +class Child(Parent):
 +    def __init__(self, stuff):
 +        self.stuff = stuff
 +        super(Child, self).__init__()
 +        
 +# ex45: You Make a Game  
 +# Nothing impresses me.   
 +
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 +# ex46: A Project Skeleton   
 +try:
 +    from setuptools import setup
 +except ImportError:
 +    from distutils.core import setup
 +
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 +# ex47: Automated Testing  
 +nosetests 
 +from nose.tools import *
 +assert_equal
 +# Test files go in "tests/" and are named "BLAH_tests.py" otherwise "nosetests" won't run them.   
 +
 +
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 +# ex48: Advanced User Input   
 +# A tuple is nothing more than a list that you can't modify. 
 +# It's created by putting data inside two "("")" with a comma, like a list:
 +first_word = ('verb', 'go')
 +# Exceptions and Numbers
 +def convert_number(s):
 +    try:
 +        return int(s)
 +    except ValueError:
 +        return None
 +
 +# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 +# ex49: Making Sentences
 +# ex50: Your First Website
 +# ex51: Getting Input from a Browser
 +# ex52: The Start Of Your Web Game
 +# Nothing impresses me.
 +
  
 </code> </code>
  • public/it/python.1417595528.txt.gz
  • 最后更改: 2014/12/03 16:32
  • 由 oakfire